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No. 29/2009 (Sept. 14, 2009)
PoE Plus - a new standard for power distribution in Ethernet networks. At the end of September it is planned to ratify a new standard for power distribution in Ethernet networks - PoE Plus (IEEE 802.3at). The new standard is to ensure power for devices requiring up to 30 watts (the theoretical limit). The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) used in PoE Plus will allow to dynamically allocate the power and even switch inactive devices into sleep mode.
The PoE Plus standard will allow to power such equipment as IP CCTV cameras with pan-tilt-zoom capability.
The power in PoE Plus is supplied via two pairs of wires that can be simultaneously used for data transmission (Phantom Power technology).
Power over Ethernet standard (IEEE 802.3af) was published in 2003. It allows to power network devices with 44-57 VDC (nominal: 48 VDC) and maximum current up to 350 mA, using one pair of wires. The maximum power is limited to 15.4 W (12.95 W after taking into account the voltage drop across a 100 m cable).
The standard defines two types of devices: PSE (power sourcing equipment) - supplying the network (switches, midspans), and PD (powered devices) - IP phones, IP cameras, access points. The PoE standard proved to be insufficient. The fundamental problem is low maximum power and lack of optimization of power management - whatever the needs of the device the standard always assigns it the maximum power - 15.4 W. At the end of September, it will be replaced by a new standard - PoE Plus - capable of providing up to 30 W (24.6 W).
The PoE Plus standard will allow to power such equipment as IP CCTV cameras with pan-tilt-zoom capability.
The power in PoE Plus is supplied via two pairs of wires that can be simultaneously used for data transmission (Phantom Power technology).
Power over Ethernet standard (IEEE 802.3af) was published in 2003. It allows to power network devices with 44-57 VDC (nominal: 48 VDC) and maximum current up to 350 mA, using one pair of wires. The maximum power is limited to 15.4 W (12.95 W after taking into account the voltage drop across a 100 m cable).
The standard defines two types of devices: PSE (power sourcing equipment) - supplying the network (switches, midspans), and PD (powered devices) - IP phones, IP cameras, access points. The PoE standard proved to be insufficient. The fundamental problem is low maximum power and lack of optimization of power management - whatever the needs of the device the standard always assigns it the maximum power - 15.4 W. At the end of September, it will be replaced by a new standard - PoE Plus - capable of providing up to 30 W (24.6 W).
Designing IP CCTV system it is important to ensure compatibility with PoE standard.
In the picture - the IQinVisoin camera is compatible with PoE.
In the picture - the IQinVisoin camera is compatible with PoE.
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TV SAT CICONIA Pawel Buczkowski | Thai motifs Krzysztof Mackowiak |
Antenna distribution amplifier MA-203 - 47 dB. The MA-203 R82323 building amplifier is designed to strengthen FM radio signals and television channels in the VHF and UHF bands - in medium and large antenna installations.
It has 5 band inputs: 1 x FM/VHF I, 1 x VHF III, and 3 x UHF. Each input has separate gain adjustment, additionally after combining signals of FM/VHF I + VHF III and those from three UHF inputs it is possible to suppress them in selected path by using 10 dB attenuator.
UHF signals are combined in two steps, first from two inputs and then with the third input. It allows to choose optimum inputs for lower and higher signals. The amplifier features high maximum output level: 119 dBuV (VHF) and 121 dBuV (UHF).
Distinguishing features:
It has 5 band inputs: 1 x FM/VHF I, 1 x VHF III, and 3 x UHF. Each input has separate gain adjustment, additionally after combining signals of FM/VHF I + VHF III and those from three UHF inputs it is possible to suppress them in selected path by using 10 dB attenuator.
UHF signals are combined in two steps, first from two inputs and then with the third input. It allows to choose optimum inputs for lower and higher signals. The amplifier features high maximum output level: 119 dBuV (VHF) and 121 dBuV (UHF).
Distinguishing features:
- separate FM+VHF and UHF paths,
- gain correction with interstage attenuators,
- protection against DC overload (LED signaling),
- possibility of powering preamplifiers via individual inputs,
- built-in test output,
- durable cast-metal housing.
ULTIMAX DVRs in intelligent buildings. Thanks to built-in alarm inputs and relay outputs, ULTIMAX DVRs can be a part of intelligent building system.
The alarm inputs can cooperate with:
The alarm inputs can cooperate with:
- burglary and robbery alarm system;
- fire protection system;
- access control system (ACC);
- power and control system (gate drives, lighting etc).
The signals from alarm inputs can, for example, start recording of video from the camera over the gate being open or from other cameras in the area of fire alarm. More complex operations may include start of recording, image posting, actions of relay outputs. Alarm inputs have higher priority than the standard mode, for example, they can change the recording mode from motion detection to continuous recording.
Relay outputs allow to control other devices according to the state of motion detection or alarm input signals. They can be connected to the control panel as a line, or directly to the emergency signaling device, and can control the lighting, opening or closing gates etc. The outputs may be configured to work according to a schedule, with defined periods of activation.
Relay outputs allow to control other devices according to the state of motion detection or alarm input signals. They can be connected to the control panel as a line, or directly to the emergency signaling device, and can control the lighting, opening or closing gates etc. The outputs may be configured to work according to a schedule, with defined periods of activation.
Basic configuration of ULTIMAX 716 (there are shown single devices only)
Megapixel cameras in practice. Much is said about the advantages of megapixel cameras over standard definition solutions. However, in order to know the difference, it would be best to see megapixel image quality and compare it with that of D1 images. Therefore, we invite you to download the clips made with 1.3 megapixel cameras from ACTi: ACM4201 K1514, ACM1231 K1511, and ACM5611 K1512.
We also encourage you to view online transmission from 2.0 Mpx IP camera ULTICAM DS-852MF-E K1441 (800 x 600 pixels) and full-resolution recordings (2 Mpx:1600 x 1200) available on the same site.
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Tokina 6-60 mm lens for outdoor applications. There are many installations which require observation of objects from large distances. An example would be monitoring of roads with recognition of license plates.
For example, the focal length of 12 mm does not allow for a narrow image needed for precise imaging of such a plate from a large distance. For that purpose one can use Tokina 6-60 mm lens (M2313) which can be easily adjusted to any specific needs. The lens enables the installer/user to manually set focal length from 6 to 60 mm. Adjustment of this parameter allows quick correction of viewing angle. In the case of cameras equipped with 1/3" image sensors, the angle can be changed within 44 to 5 degrees (horizontally).
An important advantage of the lens is the quality of moving components for adjusting focal length, diaphragm, focus. They allow precise setting of the image under all conditions, which is especially important feature for installers.
The lens is also equipped with automatic iris (DC driven), so it may well function in highly variable lighting conditions.
For example, the focal length of 12 mm does not allow for a narrow image needed for precise imaging of such a plate from a large distance. For that purpose one can use Tokina 6-60 mm lens (M2313) which can be easily adjusted to any specific needs. The lens enables the installer/user to manually set focal length from 6 to 60 mm. Adjustment of this parameter allows quick correction of viewing angle. In the case of cameras equipped with 1/3" image sensors, the angle can be changed within 44 to 5 degrees (horizontally).
An important advantage of the lens is the quality of moving components for adjusting focal length, diaphragm, focus. They allow precise setting of the image under all conditions, which is especially important feature for installers.
The lens is also equipped with automatic iris (DC driven), so it may well function in highly variable lighting conditions.
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Focal length of 6 mm |  | Focal length of 60 mm |
Infra Red - a few words on WiFi - part 3. One of the physical layers in IEEE 802.11 standard is infrared radiation (IR). The signals use wavelengths of 800-900 nm, so the frequencies are much higher (terahertz range) than in the case of other 802.11 physical layers. Such high frequencies are not subject to any legal restrictions.
The signals are dispersed, so that using the high frequencies it is possible to detect them in NLOS conditions (Non-Line-Of-Sight).
Such high frequencies also provide increased security, since the signals are very susceptible to reflections, which facilitates detection in the same room and minimizes the possibility of infiltration from outside.
The signals are dispersed, so that using the high frequencies it is possible to detect them in NLOS conditions (Non-Line-Of-Sight).
Such high frequencies also provide increased security, since the signals are very susceptible to reflections, which facilitates detection in the same room and minimizes the possibility of infiltration from outside.
IR layer uses PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) which is quite effective in the case of very high propagation loss.
There are two standard transmission speeds: 1 Mbps with 16-PPM modulation, and 2 Mbps with 4-PPM modulation. This allows to use the same basic impulses, which greatly facilitates the construction of the transceivers (especially synchronization circuits). For both transmission speeds the impulses have the same power, resulting in identical transmission range.
There are two standard transmission speeds: 1 Mbps with 16-PPM modulation, and 2 Mbps with 4-PPM modulation. This allows to use the same basic impulses, which greatly facilitates the construction of the transceivers (especially synchronization circuits). For both transmission speeds the impulses have the same power, resulting in identical transmission range.
IR layer is not popular because of competition of IrDa, despite the fact that it can operate in NLOS conditions and has a greater transmission range.
IR transmission in 802.11 allows to detect signals in Non-Line-Of-Sight conditions.
Due to the wavelengths, the signals are susceptible to reflections.
Due to the wavelengths, the signals are susceptible to reflections.
- Suitable computing power. An important parameter of the device for data transmission is the amount of RAM. Devices for SOHO market have max. 16 MB of RAM. This amount does not allow to transmit large amounts of packets - it is not possible to create an efficient link. Professional devices have more than twice the memory, so the transmission can be performed at high speeds (up 25 Mbps in both directions).
- High output power. In the case of long-distance links the devices have to supply adequate RF output power. But it cannot exceed the permissible values. To calculate the effective power, one should take into account the power of the radio module, attenuation of the connectors and RF cable, and antenna gain. A good solution is use of devices with integrated antennas. In this case there is no loss of signal in the coaxial cable and connectors between the antenna and the AP.
- The influence of other networks. The interference from transmissions on the same or similar frequency significantly affects the quality of connections. To eliminate this problem, one should use directional antennas and devices that ensure smooth jump between frequencies (DFS).
- Selection of proper equipment and professional installation. Use of SOHO devices outside buildings may damage the equipment. They should not be used outdoors, even in sealed enclosures because they do not protect the equipment against excessive heat. Professional equipment for outdoor applications, thanks to using high quality components, provides much better reliability in any weather conditions.
Ideal devices for long-range transmission are ULTIAIR APs, characterized by short delays and high throughput.
They operate in unlicensed 5GHz band - no special permissions are needed.
ULTIAIR devices can operate as client or base stations, or in bridge mode - for creating point-to-point links.
Each ULTIAIR device uses RouterBoard with Mikrotik system, put in outdoor housing of IP 66 class which guarantees full protection against adverse weather conditions and corrosive environments (industry). It can operate in wide temperature range, -20...+70°C. This allows to use the equipment in the most extreme conditions, including harsh industrial environments.
They operate in unlicensed 5GHz band - no special permissions are needed.
ULTIAIR devices can operate as client or base stations, or in bridge mode - for creating point-to-point links.
Each ULTIAIR device uses RouterBoard with Mikrotik system, put in outdoor housing of IP 66 class which guarantees full protection against adverse weather conditions and corrosive environments (industry). It can operate in wide temperature range, -20...+70°C. This allows to use the equipment in the most extreme conditions, including harsh industrial environments.
Problems with GSM coverage in large industrial buildings. Despite the continuous expansion of the GSM infrastructure, in some places there are problems with signal coverage. The problems occur in markets, tunnels, underground car parks, petrol stations, airport halls, hotels, large industrial buildings. Missed connections or problems with communication particularly adversely affect business matters and work comfort in industrial plants.
The solution to this problem is application of Signal GSM-300 repeaters (A6760), being a two-way amplifiers of wireless GSM signal, significantly improving the quality of data transmission in such places. Thanks to outdoor and indoor antennas they cover with amplified signal the low-signal areas, reducing noise and number of lost connections. One Signal GSM-300 A6760 can cover area up to 300 m2.
Additional three-way GSM splitter A6813 allows to distribute the amplified GSM signal among three indoor antennas A6800, in order to optimize the deployment of indoor antennas for the best coverage.
Distinguishing features of the GSM-300 A6760 repeater:
The solution to this problem is application of Signal GSM-300 repeaters (A6760), being a two-way amplifiers of wireless GSM signal, significantly improving the quality of data transmission in such places. Thanks to outdoor and indoor antennas they cover with amplified signal the low-signal areas, reducing noise and number of lost connections. One Signal GSM-300 A6760 can cover area up to 300 m2.
Additional three-way GSM splitter A6813 allows to distribute the amplified GSM signal among three indoor antennas A6800, in order to optimize the deployment of indoor antennas for the best coverage.
Distinguishing features of the GSM-300 A6760 repeater:
Application of Signal GSM-300 repeater in large industrial building
E9645 mount allows for free positioning of the TV/monitor
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Index of published issues
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- archive DWR of June 9, 2008
2.0 Mpx ULTICAM camera - adaptation to night vision. A very important feature of megapixel cameras is the way they cope with poor lighting conditions. This is due to the fact that image sensors made in CMOS technology are in general much less sensitive than their CCD counterparts...
- archive DWR of March 23, 2009
Index of published issues
